11
th Std Class Physics - Most Importance questions with Answer Key
UNIT – 1 Nature of the
Physical World and Measurement
| Scope of Physics |
| Forces of nature |
| Measurement |
| SI standards |
UNIT – 2 Kinematics
UNIT – 3 Dynamics of
Rotational Motion
| Centre of mass |
UNIT – 4 Gravitation and
Space Science
| The Solar system |
| Milky Way galaxy |
UNIT – 5 Mechanics of
Solids and Fluids
UNIT – 6 Oscillations
| Laws of pendulum |
UNIT – 7 Wave Motion
UNIT – 8 Heat and
Thermodynamics
UNIT – 9 Ray Optics
| Spectrometer |
UNIT – 10 Magnetism
| Tangent law |
UNIT – 1 Nature of the Physical
World and Measurement
1.
What is the role of Physics in technology?
2.
Write a note on the basic forces in nature.
3.
Distinguish between fundamental units and
derived units.
4.
Give the SI standard for (i) length (ii) mass
and (iii) time.
5.
Why SI system is considered superior to other
systems?
6.
Give the rules and conventions followed while
writing SI units.
7.
What is the need for measurement of physical
quantities?
8.
You are given a wire
and a metre scale. How will you estimate the diameter of the wire?
9.
Name four units to measure extremely small
distances.
10.
What are random errors? How can we minimise
these errors?
11.
Show that 12 gt2 has the same dimensions of
distance.
12.
What are the limitations of dimensional
analysis?
13.
What are the uses of
dimensional analysis? Explain with one example.
UNIT – 2 Kinematics
1.
Compute the (i) distance travelled
and (ii) displacement made by the student when he travels a distance of 4km
eastwards and then a further distance of 3 km northwards.
2.
What is the (i) distance travelled
and (ii) displacement produced by a cyclist when he completes one revolution?
3.
Differentiate between speed and velocity of a body.
4.
What is meant by retardation?
5.
What is the significance of velocity-time graph?
6.
Derive the equations of motion for an uniformly accelerated
body.
7.
What are scalar and vector quantities?
8.
How will you represent a vector quantity?
9.
What is the magnitude and direction
of the resultant of two vectors acting along the same line in the same
direction?
10.
State: Parallelogram law of vectors and triangle law of
vectors.
11.
Obtain the expression for magnitude
and direction of the resultant of two vectors when they are inclined at an
angle ‘θ’ with each other.
12.
State Newton’s laws of motion.
13.
Explain the different types of inertia with examples.
14.
State and prove law of conservation of linear momentum.
15.
Define impulse of a force
16.
Obtain an expression for centripetal acceleration.
17.
What is centrifugal reaction?
18.
Obtain an expression for the
critical velocity of a body revolving in a vertical circle.
19.
What is meant by banking of tracks?
20.
Obtain an expression for the angle
of lean when a cyclist takes a curved path.
21.
What are the two types of collision? Explain them.
22.
Obtain the expressions for the
velocities of the two bodies after collision in the case of one dimensional
motion.
23.
Prove that in the case of one
dimensional elastic collision between two bodies of equal masses, they
interchange their velocities after collision.
UNIT – 3 Dynamics of Rotational
Motion
1.
Obtain an expression for position of
centre of mass of two particle system.
2.
Explain the motion of centre of mass of a system with an
example.
3.
What are the different types of equilibrium?
4.
Derive the equations of rotational motion.
5.
Compare linear motion with rotational motion.
6.
Explain the physical significance of moment of inertia.
7.
Show that the moment of inertia of a
rigid body is twice the kinetic energy of rotation.
8.
State and prove parallel axes
theorem and perpendicular axes theorem.
9.
Obtain the expressions for moment of
inertia of a ring (i) about an axis passing through its centre and
perpendicular to its plane.
10.
about its diameter and (iii) about a tangent.
11.
Obtain the expressions for the
moment of inertia of a circular disc (i) about an axis passing through its
centre and perpendicular to its plane.(ii) about a diameter (iii) about a
tangent in its plane and (iv) about a tangent perpendicular to its plane.
12.
Obtain an expression for the angular
momentum of a rotating rigid body.
13.
State the law of conservation of angular momentum.
14.
A cat is able to land on its feet after
a fall. Which principle of physics is being used? Explain.
UNIT – 4 Gravitation and Space
Science
1.
Why is the
gravitational force of attraction between the two bodies of ordinary masses not
noticeable in everyday life?
2.
State the universal law of gravitation.
3.
Define gravitational
constant. Give its value, unit and dimensional formula.
4.
The acceleration due
to gravity varies with (i) altitude and (ii) depth. Prove.
5.
Discuss the variation
of g with latitude due to the rotation of the Earth.
6.
The acceleration due
to gravity is minimum at equator and maximum at poles. Give the reason.
7.
What are the factors affecting the ‘g’ value?
8.
Why a man can jump higher on the moon than on
the Earth?
9.
Define gravitational field intensity.
10.
Define gravitational potential.
11.
Define gravitational
potential energy. Deduce an expression for it for a mass in the gravitational
field of the Earth.
12.
Obtain an expression for the gravitational
potential at a point.
13.
Differentiate between inertial mass and
gravitational mass.
14.
The moon has no atmosphere. Why?
15.
What is escape speed? Obtain an expression for
it.
16.
What is orbital velocity? Obtain an expression
for it.
17.
What will happen to the orbiting satellite, if
its velocity varies?
18.
What are the called geo-stationary satellites?
19.
Show that the orbital
radius of a geo-stationary satellite is 36000 km.
20.
Why do the astronauts
feel weightlessness inside the orbiting spacecraft?
21.
Deduce the law of periods from the law of
gravitation.
22.
State and prove the
law of areas based on conservation of angular momentum.
23.
State Helio-Centric theory.
24.
State Geo-centric theory.
25.
What is solar system?
26.
State Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
27.
What is albedo?
28.
What are asteroids?
29.
What are constellations?
1.
Write a note on Milky Way.
UNIT – 5 Mechanics of Solids and
Fluids
1.
State Hooke’s law.
2.
Explain the three moduli of elasticity.
3.
Describe Searle’s Experiment.
4.
Which is more elastic, rubber or steel?
Support your answer.
5.
State and prove Pascal’s law without
considering the effect of gravity.
6.
Taking gravity into account, explain Pascal’s
law.
7.
Explain the principle, construction and
working of hydraulic brakes.
8.
What is Reynold’s number?
9.
What is critical velocity of a liquid?
10.Why aeroplanes and
cars have streamline shape?
11.
Describe an experiment to determine viscosity
of a liquid.
12. What
is terminal velocity?
13.Explain Stoke’s law.
14.Derive an expression for terminal velocity of a small sphere
falling through a viscous liquid.
15.Define cohesive force
and adhesive force. Give examples.
16.Define i) molecular
range ii) sphere of influence iii) surface tension.
17.Explain surface
tension on the basis of molecular theory.
18. Establish
the relation between surface tension and surface energy.
19. Give
four examples of practical application of surface tension.
20. How
do insects run on the surface of water?
21. Why
hot water is preferred to cold water for washing clothes?
22.Derive an expression for the total energy per unit mass of a
flowing liquid.
23. State
and prove Bernoulli’s theorem.
24.Why the blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than at
the brain?
25. Why
two holes are made to empty an oil tin?
26.A person standing near a speeding train has a danger of falling
towards the train. Why?
27.Why a small bubble rises slowly through a liquid whereas the
bigger bubble rises rapidly?
UNIT – 6 Oscillations
1.
Define simple harmonic motion. What are the
conditions of SHM?
2.
Every SHM is periodic
motion but every periodic motion need not be SHM. Why? Support your answer with
an example.
3.
Show that the projection
of uniform circular motion on the diameter of a circle is simple harmonic
motion.
4.
Explain : (i)
displacement (ii) velocity and (iii) acceleration in SHM using component
method.
5.
Show graphically the
variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration of a particle executing
SHM.
6.
What is the phase difference between (i)
velocity and acceleration
a. acceleration
and displacement of a particle executing SHM?
7.
Derive the differential formula for SHM.
8.
Define the terms (i)
time period (ii) frequency and (iii) angular frequency.
9.
Define force constant. Give its unit and
dimensional formula.
10.
What is phase of SHM? Explain the term phase
difference.
11.
Derive an expression
for the time period of a body when it executes angular SHM.
12.
What is an epoch? Give its unit.
13.
Explain the
oscillations of a mass attached to a horizontal spring. Hence deduce an
expression for its time period.
14.
Obtain an expression
for the frequency of vertical oscillations of a loaded spring.
15.
Distinguish between linear and angular
harmonic oscillator?
16.
What is a spring factor?
17.
Show that the
oscillations of a simple pendulum are simple harmonic. Hence deduce the
expression for the time period.
18.
The bob of a simple
pendulum is a hollow sphere filled with water. How does the period of
oscillation change if the water begins to drain out of the sphere?
19.
Why does the oscillation of a simple pendulum
eventually stop?
1.
What will happen to
the time period of a simple pendulum if its length is doubled?
2.
Derive an expression
for the total energy of a particle executing SHM.
3.
On what factors the natural frequency of a
body depend on?
4.
What is forced vibration? Give an example.
5.
What forces keep the simple pendulum in SHM?
6.
Illustrate an example
to show that resonance is disastrous sometimes.
7.
If two springs are
connected in parallel, what is its equivalent spring constant?
UNIT – 7 Wave Motion
1.
Define wave motion.
Mention the properties of the medium in which a wave propagates.
2.
What are the important characteristics of wave
motion?
3.
Distinguish between transverse and
longitudinal waves.
4.
In solids both
longitudinal and transverse waves are possible, but transverse waves are not
produced in gases. Why?
5.
Define the terms
wavelength and frequency in wave motion. Prove that v = nλ.
6.
Obtain an expression
for the velocity of transverse wave in a stretched string, when it is vibrating
in fundamental mode.
7.
Derive Newton -
Laplace formula for the velocity of sound in gases.
8.
Show that the velocity
of sound increases by 0.61 m s-1 for every degree rise of
temperature.
9.
Obtain the equation for plane progressive
wave.
10.
Distinguish between intensity and loudness of
sound.
11.
What do you understand by decibel?
12.
On what factors does the intensity of sound
depend?
13.
What is an echo? Why an echo cannot be heard
in a small room?
14.
Write a short note on whispering gallery.
15.
State the principle of superposition.
16.
What are the essential conditions for the
formation of beats?
17.
What are beats? Show
that the number of beats produced per second is equal to the difference in
frequencies.
18.
What is interference
of sound waves? Describe an experiment to explain the phenomenon of
interference of waves.
19.
How are stationary waves formed?
20.
Derive the equation of
stationary wave and deduce the condition for nodes and antinodes.
21.
What are the properties of stationary waves?
22.
State the laws of transverse vibrations in
stretched strings.
23.
List out the
differences between a progressive wave and a stationary wave.
24.
What are overtones and harmonics?
25.
Why open organ pipes are preferred for making
flute?
26.
Prove that in a pipe
closed at one end, frequency of harmonics are in the ratio 1:3:5.
27.
Explain how overtones
are produced in an open pipe. Show that all harmonics are present in the open
pipe.
28.
What is meant by end correction?
29.
What is doppler
effect? Derive the formula for the change in frequency (i) when the source is
approaching and receding from
a.
the observer and (ii)
when the source is stationary and observer is moving towards and away from the
source.
UNIT – 8 Heat and Thermodynamics
1.
What are the postulates of Kinetic theory of
gases?
2.
Derive an expression
for the average kinetic energy of the molecule of gas.
3.
Two different gases
have exactly the same temperature. Do the molecules have the same RMS speed?
4.
Explain internal
energy. What is its value in one complete cyclic process?
What
are degrees of freedom?
1.
State the law of equipartition of energy and
prove that for a diatomic
2.
Distinguish between isothermal and adiabatic
process
3.
Define isothermal
process. Derive an expression for the work done during the process.
4.
A gas has two specific
heats, whereas liquid and solid have only one. Why?
5.
Derive an expression
for the work done in one cycle during an adiabatic process
6.
Define molar specific heat at constant
pressure.
7.
Derive Meyer’s relation.
8.
What is an indicator diagram?
9.
Distinguish between
reversible process and irreversible process with examples.
10.
Is it possible to
increase the temperature of a gas without the addition of heat? Explain.
11.
On driving a scooter
for a long time the air pressure in the tyre slightly increases why?
12.
How is second law of
thermodynamics different from first law of thermodynamics?
13.
Define Clausius statement.
14.
Describe the working of Carnot engine and
derive its efficiency.
15.
Give an example for a heat pump.
16.
A heat engine with
100% efficiency is only a theoretical possibility. Explain.
17.
What is Coefficient of
Performance? Derive the relation between COP and efficiency.
18.
Why are ventilators provided in our houses?
19.
Define temperature gradient.
20.
Define steady state in thermal conduction of
heat.
21.
What are the factors
upon which coefficient of thermal conductivity depends?
22.
Write the applications of Kirchoff’s law.
23.
Define absorptive power.
24.
Define Stefan’s law.
25.
Explain Fery’s concept of a perfect black
body.
26.
State Wien’s displacement law.
27.
State Newton’s law of
cooling. Explain the experimental verification of Newton’s law of cooling.
28.
Why does a piece of
red glass when heated and taken out glow with green light?
29.
Define solar constant.
30.
Describe the working of pyrheliometer.
UNIT – 9 Ray Optics
1.
State the laws of reflection.
2.
Show that the reflected ray turns by 2θ
when mirror turns by θ.
3.
Explain the image formation in plane mirrors.
4.
Draw graphically the
image formation in spherical mirrors with different positions of the object and
state the nature of the image.
5.
What is the difference between the virtual
images produced by
a. plane
mirror (ii) concave mirror (iii) convex mirror
6.
The surfaces of the
sun glasses are curved, yet their power may be zero. Why?
7.
Prove the mirror
formula for reflection of light from a concave mirror producing (i) real image
(ii) virtual image.
8.
With the help of ray
diagram explain the phenomenon of total internal reflection. Give the relation
between critical angle and refractive index.
9.
Write a note on optical fibre.
10.
Explain Michelson’s method of determining
velocity of light.
11.
Give the importance of velocity of light.
12.
Derive lens maker’s formula for a thin
biconvex lens.
13.
Define power of a lens. What is one dioptre?
14.
Does a beam of white light disperse through a
hollow prism?
15.
Derive an equation for dispersive power of a
prism.
16.
Describe a spectrometer.
17.
Explain how will you
determine the angle of the minimum deviation of a prism using spectrometer.
18.
Write a note on formation of rainbows.
UNIT – 10 Magnetism
1.
State Coulomb’s inverse square law.
2.
Obtain the expressions
for the magnetic induction at a point on the (i) axial line and (ii) equatorial
line of a bar magnet.
3.
Find the torque
experienced by a magnetic needle in a uniform magnetic field.
4.
State and prove tangent law.
5.
What is tan A
position? How will you set up the deflection magnetometer in tan A position?
6.
Explain the theory of
tan A position. Explain how will you compare the magnetic moments of two bar
magnets in this position.
7.
What is tan B
position? How will you set up the deflection magnetometer in tan B position?
8.
Explain the theory of
tan B position. Explain how will you compare the magnetic moments of two bar
magnets in this position.
9.
Define the terms (i)
magnetic permeability (ii) intensity of magnetisation and (iii) magnetic
susceptibility.
10.
Distinguish between
dia, para and ferro magnetic substances. Give one example for each.
11.
Explain the hysteresis cycle.
SYLLABUS (180 periods)
UNIT
– 1 Nature of the Physical World and Measurement (7 periods)
Physics – scope and excitement –
physics in relation to technology and society.
Forces in nature – gravitational,
electromagnetic and nuclear forces (qualitative ideas)
Measurement – fundamental and
derived units – length, mass and time measurements.
Accuracy and precision of measuring
instruments, errors in measurement – significant figures.
Dimensions - dimensions of physical
quantities - dimensional analysis – applications.
UNIT – 2 Kinematics (29 periods)
Motion in a straight line – position
time graph – speed and velocity – uniform and non-uniform motion – uniformly
accelerated motion – relations for uniformly accelerated motions.
Scalar and vector quantities –
addition and subtraction of vectors, unit vector, resolution of vectors -
rectangular components, multiplication of vectors – scalar, vector products.
Motion in two dimensions – projectile motion – types of
projectile
–
horizontal and oblique projectile.
Force and inertia, Newton’s first law of motion.
Momentum – Newton’s second law of
motion – unit of force – impulse.
Newton’s third law of motion – law
of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
Equilibrium of concurrent forces –
triangle law, parallelogram law and Lami’s theorem – experimental proof.
Uniform circular motion – angular velocity – angular
acceleration
– relation between linear and
angular velocities. Centripetal force – motion in a vertical circle – bending
of cyclist – vehicle on level circular road – vehicle on banked road.
Work done by a constant force and a variable force – unit of
work.
Energy – Kinetic energy, work – energy theorem – potential
energy
–
power.
Collisions – Elastic and in-elastic collisions in one
dimension.
UNIT – 3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion (14 periods)
Centre of a two particle system –
generalization – applications – equilibrium of bodies, rigid body rotation and
equations of rotational motion. Comparison of linear and rotational motions.
Moment of inertia and its physical significance – radius of
gyration
– Theorems with proof, Moment of
inertia of a thin straight rod, circular ring, disc cylinder and sphere.
Moment of force, angular momentum.
Torque – conservation of angular momentum.
UNIT – 4 Gravitation and Space Science (16 periods)
The universal law of gravitation;
acceleration due to gravity and its variation with the altitude, latitude,
depth and rotation of the Earth.
–
mass of the Earth. Inertial and gravitational mass.
Gravitational field strength –
gravitational potential – gravitational potential energy near the surface of
the Earth – escape velocity – orbital velocity – weightlessness – motion of
satellite – rocket propulsion
– launching a satellite – orbits and
energy. Geo stationary and polar satellites – applications – fuels used in
rockets – Indian satellite programme.
Solar system – Helio, Geo centric
theory – Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Sun – nine planets – asteroids –
comets – meteors – meteroites
–
size of the planets – mass of the planet – temperature and atmosphere.
Universe – stars – constellations –
galaxies – Milky Way galaxy - origin of universe.
UNIT – 5 Mechanics of Solids and Fluids (18 periods)
States of matter- inter-atomic and inter-molecular forces.
Solids – elastic behaviour, stress –
strain relationship, Hooke’s law – experimental verification of Hooke’s law –
three types of moduli of elasticity – applications (crane, bridge).
Pressure due to a fluid column –
Pascal’s law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes) –
effect of gravity on fluid pressure.
Surface energy and surface tension,
angle of contact – application of surface tension in (i) formation of drops and
bubbles (ii) capillary rise (iii) action of detergents.
Viscosity – Stoke’s law – terminal
velocity, streamline flow – turbulant flow – Reynold’s number – Bernoulli’s
theorem – applications
–
lift on an aeroplane wing.
UNIT – 6 Oscillations (12 periods)
Periodic motion – period, frequency,
displacement as a function of time.
Simple harmonic motion – amplitude,
frequency, phase – uniform circular motion as SHM.
Oscillations of a spring, liquid
column and simple pendulum – derivation of expression for time period –
restoring force – force constant. Energy in SHM. kinetic and potential energies
– law of conservation of energy.
Free, forced and damped oscillations. Resonance.
UNIT – 7 Wave Motion (17 periods)
Wave motion- longitudinal and
transverse waves – relation between v, n,
λ.
Speed of wave motion in different media
– Newton’s formula – Laplace’s correction.
Progressive wave – displacement equation –characteristics.
Superposition principle, Interference – intensity and sound
level
– beats, standing waves
(mathematical treatment) – standing waves in strings and pipes – sonometer –
resonance air column – fundamental mode and harmonics.
Doppler effect (quantitative idea) – applications.
UNIT – 8 Heat and Thermodynamics (17 periods)
Kinetic theory of gases – postulates
– pressure of a gas – kinetic energy and temperature – degrees of freedom (mono
atomic, diatomic and triatomic) – law of equipartition of energy – Avogadro’s
number.
Thermal equilibrium and temperature
(zeroth law of thermodynamics) Heat, work and internal energy. Specific heat –
specific
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